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* Linux Classes *
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* Linux Classes *
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We've covered a handful of commands in previous sections that let you work with the shell and your file system. The commands covered in this section will complement what you've learned and give you some essential tools to manage your Linux environment. (You'll also be able to use these commands on other Unix-based systems.) You'll pick up other important commands in the "Text Editors" and "Slicing and Dicing" sections but you should first master this starter set to build the skills that will help you perform common Linux tasks more easily.
If You Need Help, Ask the man
Assuming you can remember the right command for a particular job, it's tougher still to remember all the switches associated with that command. The man command (short for manual) will help you on both counts by displaying pages from online manuals and telling you which commands may be relevant to the task at hand.
Say you want to change your password, but you don't know the command to do it. You can use the man command plus the keyword flag, -k, to search by keyword password for relevant commands:
man -k password
passwd passwd (1) - change login password
pwck pwck (1m) - password/group file checkers
vipw vipw (1b) - edit the password file
You can probably deduce that passwd is the correct command. But before blindly issuing any Linux command, you should know the proper syntax and understand what the command might do to you first. Using man with a command name will display all you need to know (probably more) about a command. For example, entering
man passwd
will display
passwd(1) User Commands passwd(1)
NAME
passwd - change login password and attributes
SYNOPSIS
passwd [ name ]
passwd [ -d | -l ] [ -f ] [ -n min ] [ -w warn ]
[ -x max ] name
passwd -s [ -a ]
passwd -s [ name ]
DESCRIPTION
The passwd command changes the password or lists
attributes associated with the user's login name.
--More--(5%)
(The man command pauses after each screenful and waits for you to press the spacebar before continuing.) The word More at the bottom of each page indicates how much of the help has so far been displayed. The terms in square brackets are optional parameters (-d, -l, -f, for example); vertical bars indicate that the terms on either side are mutually exclusive--you can use only one at a time.
For more information on the man command, see the man manual.
Previous Lesson: Changing File Permissions
Next Lesson: Changing Your Password
Comments (most recent first)
Charles (27 Aug 2010, 18:02)
I cannot believe how many students want you and me to do their homework for
them. I covered all the information in 10 hours learn enough to teach
beginning students.
mutua (24 Aug 2010, 02:13)
nice notes
feroz khan (14 Aug 2010, 14:47)
Hi bob,I saw the above comments from different people and found that,You
have got the easiest way to explain the commands, I am new to linux and try
to learn myself before joining any institute,
Linux Tutorial with commands Linux Basics with commands Linux Files I need linux tutorials with basic commands so that I can have good command over linux as I am making it as My career.
gabe (05 Aug 2010, 22:45)
what is the number next to the command? what does it mean?
gabe (05 Aug 2010, 22:43)
i did the excercise but with ubuntu 10 i got than few lines of listing
~$ man -k password chage (1) - change user password expiry information chgpasswd (8) - update group passwords in batch mode chpasswd (8) - update passwords in batch mode cpgr (8) - copy with locking the given file to the password or gr... cppw (8) - copy with locking the given file to the password or gr... crypt (3) - password and data encryption crypt_r (3) - password and data encryption endpwent (3) - get password file entry endspent (3) - get shadow password file entry expiry (1) - check and enforce password expiration policy fgetpwent (3) - get password file entry fgetspent (3) - get shadow password file entry fgetspent_r (3) - get shadow password file entry getpass (3) - get a password getpw (3) - Re-construct password line entry getpwent (3) - get password file entry getpwnam (3) - get password file entry getpwnam_r (3) - get password file entry getpwuid (3) - get password file entry getpwuid_r (3) - get password file entry getspent (3) - get shadow password file entry getspent_r (3) - get shadow password file entry getspnam (3) - get shadow password file entry getspnam_r (3) - get shadow password file entry gnome-keyring-daemon (1) - keep password and other secrets for users Gnome2::PasswordDialog (3pm) - wrapper for GnomePasswordDialog grpconv (8) - convert to and from shadow passwords and groups grpunconv (8) - convert to and from shadow passwords and groups lckpwdf (3) - get shadow password file entry login.defs (5) - shadow password suite configuration lppasswd (1) - add, change, or delete digest passwords. pam_pwhistory (8) - PAM module to remember last passwords pam_unix (8) - Module for traditional password authentication passwd (1) - change user password passwd (1ssl) - compute password hashes passwd (5) - the password file passwd2des (3) - RFS password encryption putpwent (3) - write a password file entry putspent (3) - get shadow password file entry pwck (8) - verify integrity of password files pwconv (8) - convert to and from shadow passwords and groups pwunconv (8) - convert to and from shadow passwords and groups setpwent (3) - get password file entry setspent (3) - get shadow password file entry sgetspent (3) - get shadow password file entry sgetspent_r (3) - get shadow password file entry shadow (5) - shadowed password file shadowconfig (8) - toggle shadow passwords on and off smbpasswd (5) - The Samba encrypted password file smbpasswd (8) - change a user's SMB password su-to-root (1) - A simple script to give an `interactive' front-end to ... ulckpwdf (3) - get shadow password file entry unix_chkpwd (8) - Helper binary that verifies the password of the curren... unix_update (8) - Helper binary that updates the password of a given user vigr (8) - edit the password, group, shadow-password or shadow-gr... vipw (8) - edit the password, group, shadow-password or shadow-gr... xcrypt (3) - RFS password encryption xdecrypt (3) - RFS password encryption xencrypt (3) - RFS password encryption
gub (28 Jul 2010, 03:35)
great tips, thanks for info
takdog (19 Jun 2010, 15:39)
hey bob,thankyou so much for the easiest linux tuts i can find on net.btw
i'm watching teh world cup at the moment you know from south africa...and
it seems to me that many of the comments here are originating from africans
,love yer replys....hilarious.thanks again from tasmania.
Bob Rankin (28 May 2010, 13:17)
@sukhpreet - Sounds like a good place to start... why not?
sukhpreet (28 May 2010, 10:01)
hi bob , i saw the above comments from difrent people and found that, u
have got the easiest way to explain the commands, i am new to linux and try
to learn myself before joining any institure,
so i can see on this page on left hand side, some topics that Linux Tutorial Linux Basics Linux Files so what do u suggest , should i start reading that topics to get good command overlinux
amit mathuriya (27 May 2010, 04:40)
hi ..... this site very nice site and very easy site I always use this
site.
hpal (20 May 2010, 22:18)
Great Linux tip!
vishal kandharkar (19 May 2010, 01:09)
its reallly help full for the beginners..........
Bob Rankin (04 May 2010, 07:08)
Ooooh, and I need an oil change for my truck! Can we swap?
edgar (03 May 2010, 03:58)
i need linux tutorials
thanks in advance
Bob Rankin (23 Apr 2010, 07:09)
It's the TAB character.
Ben Bocalt (22 Apr 2010, 22:16)
What does \t do in a BASH script?
Such as: echo -e "$NAME\t$ADDRESS\t$PHONE" >> database
Debi (13 Apr 2010, 13:54)
Know this should be a very easy answer, but cannot find the answer anywhere
online. Sometimes when I run a command (not gedit or vi) the command
prompt doesn't come back up. I have tried everything I can think of to get
it back (quit, exit, esc, etc.). I end up shutting down and starting over,
but that is a huge waste of time. Help!! Thanks!!
Henok Ephrem (27 Mar 2010, 04:12)
still this operating system is not user friendly so please try to user
friendly but the rest functionality is is best
Bob Rankin (26 Mar 2010, 11:58)
@mauqista - I'll do your homework, but I charge a hefty hourly rate for
that... :-)
mauqista williams (26 Mar 2010, 09:15)
Create a text file that contains what is your absolute path, relative path
and call it paths.txt
I'm new to Linux and I need help with this.
Kurt (22 Mar 2010, 22:16)
To exit man use either q or CTRL-z
sri (13 Mar 2010, 13:33)
i really liked the way you taught linux...i found it useful for a
learner...
Bob Rankin (03 Mar 2010, 08:33)
Are you posting a homework question here??? If so, it would have been
easier to do a Google search for "TCP Port 22".
adah (02 Mar 2010, 21:10)
your server log file shows repeated connections to TCP port 22. what is
service is being accessed?
anurag nath (21 Feb 2010, 02:41)
IT's a very good site for learning linux the fast and easy way !!! Bravo !!
Bob Rankin (05 Feb 2010, 06:14)
@codjoe - Your wish is granted! Please begin reading the lessons on this
site.
@kalai - Your question is too general. There are dozens of commands to read files from disk, depending on what you want to do with the data. See the Linux Commands section in the navbar here.
kalai (05 Feb 2010, 04:53)
hi,how i ll retrive the file from hardisk and memory in linux,which command
ll be use.plz help me
codjoe benjamin (05 Feb 2010, 00:26)
hi, i will be much pleased if you could send me a beginners lesson on
linux. i dont have any idea about it.
Ajeet kumar (21 Jan 2010, 22:39)
Its really nice commands.......
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